What is Parallel Structure?

In writing, "parallel structure" refers to using two or more words, phrases, or clauses that have similar parts of speech or patterns. 

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Take a look at the following examples:

NOT Parallel

Parallel

Of all the sports I've played, I prefer tennis, handball, and playing golf.

Of all the sports I've played, I prefer tennis, handball, and golf.  (Three nouns are parallel.)

Yesterday, I was tired, hungry, and I felt sick.

Yesterday, I was tired, hungry, and sick. (Three adjectives are parallel.)

If you're looking for the car keys, you should look under the table, the kitchen counter, and behind the refrigerator.

If you're looking for the car keys, you should look under the table, on the kitchen counter, and behind the refrigerator (Three prepositional phrases are parallel.)

He is a good choice for manager because he works hard, he keeps calm, and is well-liked.

He is a good choice for manager because he works hard, he keeps calm, and he is well-liked.  (Three clauses are parallel because they all have a subject, verb, adverb.)